Version: 3.9

limit-conn

Description#

The limit-conn Plugin limits the number of concurrent requests to your services.

Attributes#

Name	Type	Required	Default	Valid values	Description
conn	integer	True		conn > 0	Maximum number of concurrent requests allowed. Requests exceeding this ratio (and below `conn` + `burst`) will be delayed (configured by `default_conn_delay`).
burst	integer	True		burst >= 0	Number of additional concurrent requests allowed to be delayed per second. If the number exceeds this hard limit, they will get rejected immediately.
default_conn_delay	number	True		default_conn_delay > 0	Delay in seconds to process the concurrent requests exceeding `conn` (and `conn` + `burst`).
only_use_default_delay	boolean	False	false	[true,false]	When set to `true`, the Plugin will always set a delay of `default_conn_delay` and would not use any other calculations.
key_type	string	False	"var"	["var", "var_combination"]	Type of user specified key to use.
key	string	True			User specified key to base the request limiting on. If the `key_type` attribute is set to `"var"`, the key will be treated as a name of variable, like `remote_addr` or `consumer_name`. If the `key_type` is set to `"var_combination"`, the key will be a combination of variables, like `$remote_addr $consumer_name`. If the value of the key is empty, `remote_addr` will be set as the default key.
rejected_code	string	False	503	[200,...,599]	HTTP status code returned when the requests exceeding the threshold are rejected.
rejected_msg	string	False		non-empty	Body of the response returned when the requests exceeding the threshold are rejected.
allow_degradation	boolean	False	false		When set to `true` enables Plugin degradation when the Plugin is temporarily unavailable and allows requests to continue.
policy	string	False	"local"	["local", "redis", "redis-cluster"]	Rate-limiting policies to use for retrieving and increment the limit count. When set to `local` the counters will be locally stored in memory on the node. When set to `redis` counters are stored on a Redis server and will be shared across the nodes. It is done usually for global speed limiting, and setting to `redis-cluster` uses a Redis cluster instead of a single instance.
redis_host	string	required when `policy` is `redis`			Address of the Redis server. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis`.
redis_port	integer	False	6379	[1,...]	Port of the Redis server. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis`.
redis_username	string	False			Username for Redis authentication if Redis ACL is used (for Redis version >= 6.0). If you use the legacy authentication method `requirepass` to configure Redis password, configure only the `redis_password`. Used when the `policy` is set to `redis`.
redis_password	string	False			Password for Redis authentication. Used when the `policy` is set to `redis` or `redis-cluster`.
redis_ssl	boolean	False	false		If set to `true`, then uses SSL to connect to redis instance. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis`.
redis_ssl_verify	boolean	False	false		If set to `true`, then verifies the validity of the server SSL certificate. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis`. See tcpsock:sslhandshake.
redis_database	integer	False	0	redis_database >= 0	Selected database of the Redis server (for single instance operation or when using Redis cloud with a single entrypoint). Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis`.
redis_timeout	integer	False	1000	[1,...]	Timeout in milliseconds for any command submitted to the Redis server. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis` or `redis-cluster`.
redis_cluster_nodes	array	required when `policy` is `redis-cluster`			Addresses of Redis cluster nodes. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis-cluster`.
redis_cluster_name	string	required when `policy` is `redis-cluster`			Name of the Redis cluster service nodes. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis-cluster`.
redis_cluster_ssl	boolean	False	false		If set to `true`, then uses SSL to connect to redis-cluster. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis-cluster`.
redis_cluster_ssl_verify	boolean	False	false		If set to `true`, then verifies the validity of the server SSL certificate. Used when the `policy` attribute is set to `redis-cluster`.

Enable Plugin#

You can enable the Plugin on a Route as shown below:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "methods": ["GET"],
    "uri": "/index.html",
    "plugins": {
        "limit-conn": {
            "conn": 1,
            "burst": 0,
            "default_conn_delay": 0.1,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key_type": "var",
            "key": "http_a"
        }
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'

You can also configure the key_type to var_combination as shown:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "methods": ["GET"],
    "uri": "/index.html",
    "plugins": {
        "limit-conn": {
            "conn": 1,
            "burst": 0,
            "default_conn_delay": 0.1,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key_type": "var_combination",
            "key": "$consumer_name $remote_addr"
        }
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'

Example usage#

The example above configures the Plugin to only allow one connection on this route. When more than one request is received, the Plugin will respond with a 503 HTTP status code and reject the connection:

curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/index.html?sleep=20 &

curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/index.html?sleep=20

<html>
<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
<hr><center>openresty</center>
</body>
</html>

Delete Plugin#

To remove the limit-conn Plugin, you can delete the corresponding JSON configuration from the Plugin configuration. APISIX will automatically reload and you do not have to restart for this to take effect.

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "methods": ["GET"],
    "uri": "/index.html",
    "id": 1,
    "plugins": {
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'

Example of application scenarios#

Limit the number of concurrent WebSocket connections#

Apache APISIX supports WebSocket proxy, we can use limit-conn plugin to limit the number of concurrent WebSocket connections.

Create a Route, enable the WebSocket proxy and the limit-conn plugin.

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/ws",
    "enable_websocket": true,
    "plugins": {
        "limit-conn": {
            "conn": 1,
            "burst": 0,
            "default_conn_delay": 0.1,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key_type": "var",
            "key": "remote_addr"
        }
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'

The above route enables the WebSocket proxy on /ws, and limits the number of concurrent WebSocket connections to 1. More than 1 concurrent WebSocket connection will return 503 to reject the request.

Initiate a WebSocket request, and the connection is established successfully.

curl --include \
    --no-buffer \
    --header "Connection: Upgrade" \
    --header "Upgrade: websocket" \
    --header "Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==" \
    --header "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13" \
    --http1.1 \
    http://127.0.0.1:9080/ws

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols

Initiate the WebSocket request again in another terminal, the request will be rejected.

HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
···
<html>
<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
<hr><center>openresty</center>
</body>
</html>